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Glider and airship pilots may also operate under Instrument Flight Rules under certain circumstances. The FAA issues instrument ratings separately for airplane and powered lift categories and the helicopter class (INSTA and INSTH). An airline transport pilot implicitly holds an instrument rating, so the instrument rating does not appear on an ATP certificate. To legally operate under instrument flight rules (IFR), a pilot can separately add an instrument rating to a private or commercial certificate.
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The Boeing 747, Beechcraft Super King Air 350, and the Hawker Hunter are examples of aircraft that require type ratings. The Weight-shift-control category is divided into weight-shift-control land and weight-shift-control seaĪ student pilot certificate does not list category or class ratings but is instead endorsed by a flight instructor to confer privileges in specific makes and models of aircraft.Ī type rating is required in a specific make and model of aircraft if the aircraft weighs more than 12,500 lb (5,700 kg) at takeoff, is powered by one or more turbojet engines, or is otherwise designated as requiring a type rating.The Powered parachute category is divided into powered parachute land and powered parachute sea.The Lighter-than-air category is divided into airship and balloon classes.The Rotorcraft category is divided into helicopter and gyroplane classes.The Airplane category is divided into single-engine land (ASEL), multi-engine land (AMEL), single-engine sea (ASES), and multi-engine sea (AMES) classes.If a category is so divided, a pilot must hold a class rating to operate an aircraft in that class: Most aircraft categories are further broken down into classes. Pilots can be rated in these aircraft categories: (First Officers that fly under 14CFR 121 are required to hold an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate as of August 1, 2013.) Airline Transport Pilot (often called ATP): an individual authorized to act as pilot for a scheduled airline.Commercial Pilot: an individual who may, with some restrictions, fly for compensation or hire.Private Pilot: an individual who may fly for pleasure or personal business, generally without accepting compensation.Recreational Pilot: an individual who may fly aircraft of up to 180 horsepower (130 kW) and 4 seats in the daytime for pleasure only.Remote Pilot: an individual who may fly small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for compensation or hire.
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Sport Pilot: an individual who is authorized to fly only Light-sport Aircraft.Student Pilot: an individual who is learning to fly under the tutelage of a flight instructor and who is permitted to fly alone under specific, limited circumstances.Privilege levels of pilot certificates are, in order of increasing privilege: General structure of certification Ī pilot is certificated to fly aircraft at one or more named privilege levels and, at each privilege level, rated to fly aircraft of specific categories.
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